Youth Activism vs. Government Action: Who Holds the Key to Combating the Climate Crisis in Developing Countries?

Dear Climate Advocates,

The devastating effects of climate change are already being felt in many poorer nations. The most vulnerable areas are disproportionately affected by the climate crisis, from Ethiopia's ongoing drought to the Maldives' sinking islands. Two forces have emerged in this conflict: government-led initiatives and youth-led activities. Which, however, has the capacity to bring about lasting change?

The Rise Up Movement in Uganda and Fridays for Future are two initiatives that have contributed to the global surge in youth activism. Climate action is particularly vital to the survival of young leaders, especially in the Global South. Campaigner Vanessa Nakate from Uganda contends that governments are too slow and often prioritise immediate financial gain over long-term sustainability. In many developing countries, the implementation of ambitious climate policies is impeded by conflicting interests such as political stability and poverty reduction.

There has been insufficient progress despite international agreements like the Paris Climate Accord. In 2023, the UNFCCC concluded that present strategies are not reducing emissions quickly enough to avoid serious repercussions. This has encouraged youth-led initiatives, which are vital for sustaining the climate conversation. The Clean India and Green India initiatives in India push for solutions like planting trees and adopting renewable energy sources to address local challenges.

“Our government talks big but doesn’t act fast enough. We don’t have time to wait.”

However, youth activity alone will not result in structural transformation. Governments have the necessary legislative, economic, and political power to carry out large-scale projects. Amira Ahmed, a political analyst, asserts that while youth movements increase urgency and awareness, only governments have the authority to enforce accountability, invest in eco-friendly technologies, and implement national climate policies.

Cooperation is necessary. While government intervention fosters structural change, youth-led activism fosters creativity and moral clarity. Together, they can generate the motivation required to address climate change effectively. Both forces need to collaborate to ensure the long-term survival of developing nations.

Yours in advocacy,
Mahin Kashyap