Study Smarter, Not Harder: Techniques That Really Work

Introduction

Students often tend to dig their own graves by using ineffective study methods that are time-consuming and most importantly, redundant and useless. Here are some tried and tested study techniques that will help transform the way you study.

Study Technique 1: Spaced Repetition

Spaced repetition involves reviewing material at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention. This technique is based on Herman Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve, which shows that we gradually forget information over time unless we make efforts to retain it at spaced intervals. Neuroscience supports that repetition strengthens neural connections, enhancing memory retention.

To implement spaced repetition, create flashcards for spaced practice and self-quizzing. Review cards you answered correctly every three days, those answered with difficulty every two days, and those answered incorrectly the next day. Avoid procrastination and cramming, as they undermine the benefits of spaced repetition. Instead, utilise spaced repetition rather than simply rereading notes.

Study Technique 2: Pre-Testing

Pre-testing involves answering questions before learning the content, which enhances future learning. Research shows that students perform better on questions they pre-tested on, even if answered incorrectly, compared to control questions. Pre-testing also improves attention during lessons and encourages additional studying outside of class.

To use pre-testing, develop questions based on upcoming material or use textbooks and online quizzes. Answer these questions without referring to study materials. After checking your answers, focus on the concepts you found challenging. Retake the same or similar test after studying to assess your improvement. Despite some students' belief that pre-testing is pointless, research demonstrates its effectiveness by activating prior knowledge and identifying gaps early on.

Study Technique 3: Interleaving

Interleaving involves alternating study topics instead of focusing on one subject for an extended period. This technique is particularly useful for subjects requiring problem-solving, like physics, chemistry, or maths, as it helps identify links, similarities, and differences between ideas.

Interleaving forces active retrieval of knowledge, improving long-term memory. A study from the University of South Florida shows that working on related but different problems is more effective than focusing on similar problems. Switch between topics during study sessions and approach subjects in different orders to enhance understanding. Interleaving also helps prevent burnout and boredom by introducing novel stimuli. However, balance is key; switch topics neither too often nor too infrequently to avoid issues with multitasking or traditional blocked studying.

Conclusion

Using science-backed study techniques can prove to be incredibly effective and helpful to students as they significantly improve learning efficiency and retention, as well as help students to avoid ineffective study methods. By adopting these scientifically proven study techniques, students can maximise their learning potential and academic performance. Implementing these methods requires discipline and consistency, but the long-term benefits are substantial.